Stagecraft is a generic term referring to the technical aspects of theatrical, film, and video production.
It includes, but is not limited to, constructing and rigging scenery, hanging and focusing of lighting, design and procurement of costumes, makeup, procurement of props, stage management, and recording and mixing of sound.
In its most basic form, stagecraft is managed by a single person (often the stage manager of a smaller production) who arranges all scenery, costumes, lighting, and sound, and organizes the cast.
At a more professional level, for example modern Broadway houses, stagecraft is managed by hundreds of skilled carpenters, painters, electricians, stagehands, stitchers, wigmakers, and the like.
This modern form of stagecraft is highly technical and specialized: it comprises many sub-disciplines and a vast trove of history and tradition.
The first document of stagecraft was medieval drama dating back to 1452.
The next known major act of stagecraft was in England where they performed renaissance drama from 1576-1642.
This was the birth place of the first licensed theater in London but not long after they were closed because of an outbreak of civil war.